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Topic: Fish feed

Results

Stressed salmon become paler

Deep-sea mesopelagic fish offer health benefits

The status for fillet colour in Norwegian farmed salmon

Consumers need time to find new salmon feed palatable

Research on new oil source

Huge breeding potential in microalgae

New fraction from insect meal tested in feed

Lumpfish becomes food that’s fit for kings

Salmon feed is slowly changing

Dead bacteria in the fish intestine can originate from the feed

New knowledge about ballan wrasse feed

Unlocks genetic value of feed intake

Found that the DHA fatty acid promotes fillet quality

Omega-3 is important for salmon welfare and robustness

Fatty acids in the diet of salmon alter cell metabolism

More omega-3 in salmon through breeding

Norwegian oils from sea and land provide extra effect

The level of omega-3 in feed is important for the welfare of salmon

Salmon feed more or less unchanged

The barrier tissue of salmon is affected by zinc and omega-3

Fish bones colour salmon muscle red

New oil source for salmon?

Breeding for more omega-3 in salmon

Farmed salmon need marine omega 3

Mastering the Omega-3 distribution balancing act

What’s causing paler salmon fillets?

Herring is better for you than we thought

An additive in feed technology with triple benefits

Projects

Thumbnail for Future Feed in a Sustainable Food System

Future Feed in a Sustainable Food System

2024 - 2024

Thumbnail for Risk assessment of algal toxins in new marine feed sources for salmon

ShellFeed

Risk assessment of algal toxins in new marine feed sources for salmon

Thumbnail for Bilateral cooperation between Croatia and Norway in the field of sustainable aquaculture and fisheries

SAFE

Bilateral cooperation between Croatia and Norway in the field of sustainable aquaculture and fisheries

2023 - 2024

Thumbnail for Energy-efficient dewatering for production of high-quality fishmeal

Energy-efficient dewatering for production of high-quality fishmeal

2024 - 2026

Thumbnail for Blue mussel protein for aquafeeds

Mussel up

Blue mussel protein for aquafeeds

2023 - 2026

Thumbnail for Carbon-negative process of wood biomass

SynoProtein

Carbon-negative process of wood biomass

2023 - 2028

Thumbnail for New feeds for farmed spotted wolffish

WOLFFISH

New feeds for farmed spotted wolffish

2023 - 2024

Thumbnail for Nutritional effects of ethyl ester oils in Atlantic salmon and Rainbow trout

SalmoE2

Nutritional effects of ethyl ester oils in Atlantic salmon and Rainbow trout

2023 - 2025

Thumbnail for Investigating Urea for Enhanced Welfare in Farmed Salmon

Investigating Urea for Enhanced Welfare in Farmed Salmon

2023 - 2025

Thumbnail for Feeding of small king crabs using lumpfish

Kongemat

Feeding of small king crabs using lumpfish

2022 - 2023

Thumbnail for Building competence along the feedfish-waste axis

FeedCtrl

Building competence along the feedfish-waste axis

2022 - 2024

Thumbnail for The interaction of fat in feed, the environment and fish health

OptiHealth

The interaction of fat in feed, the environment and fish health

2017 - 2020

Thumbnail for Bioactive herbs for feed and packaging

bioACTive

Bioactive herbs for feed and packaging

2021 - 2023

Thumbnail for How feed controls pigmentation in salmon

Pigmentation in salmon

How feed controls pigmentation in salmon

2020 - 2024

Thumbnail for New solutions for sustainable aquaculture research and innovation

NewTechAqua

New solutions for sustainable aquaculture research and innovation

2020 - 2024

Thumbnail for More robust, healthy, nutritious and resource-efficient fish in European aquaculture

AquaIMPACT

More robust, healthy, nutritious and resource-efficient fish in European aquaculture

2019 - 2023

Thumbnail for Metabolic imbalance in Atlantic salmon – Significance of the interaction between nutrition and genetics

BALANCE

Metabolic imbalance in Atlantic salmon – Significance of the interaction between nutrition and genetics

2017 - 2020

Worth knowing

Worth knowing about the complexity of fish feed

Facilities

Research permits in aquaculture

Large scale, commercially beneficial research is being carried out together with the fish farming industry in Southern, Central and Northern Norway as part of Nofima’s research licenses.

Tromsø Aquaculture Research Station

Tromsø Aquaculture Research Station, of which we are part-owners, is a modern research facility for experimental studies of marine fish, freshwater fish, molluscs, crustaceans and other aquatic organisms.

Research Station for Aquaculture – Sunndalsøra

At this land-based research station at Sunndalsøra with fresh water, seawater and recirculated water, we can carry out biological and technological experiments along the complete aquaculture value chain.

Aquafeed Technology Centre

At our innovation facilities called the Aquafeed Technology Centre, we test new ingredients and develop feeds of the future.

Press releases

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Salmon’s very own private chef is constantly looking for new ingredients (26. Oct 2023)

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Erik-Jan Lock appointed new Research Director at Nofima (10. Jan 2023)

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New research tool offers industry benefits (27. Oct 2022)

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Green transition at the 2022 smolt conference (18. Aug 2022)

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Are salmon as pink as they used to be? (29. Mar 2022)

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Testing herbs as active ingredients in food production (17. Sep 2021)

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Will develop sustainable ingredients for farmed salmon (23. Aug 2021)

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New research centre will contribute to more environmentally friendly fish feed (13. Aug 2021)

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Establishing how feed, stress and the colour of salmon flesh are interconnected (21. Sep 2020)

Publications

Sexual maturation, metabolism, and growth in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.): Effects of photoperiod and dietary protein-to-lipid ratio during post-smolt production

2025
Doctoral dissertation

Dietary Content of Plant Ingredients and Phospholipids Affects Astaxanthin Utilization and Lipid Deposition in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2025
Academic article

Dietary trace mineral (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Se) source and levels on production parameters, fillet quality, mineralization, and skin morphology of 1+ and 0+ Atlantic salmon across regions in Norway

Aquaculture, 2025
Academic article

The Interaction Between Dietary Fat Level, n-3 LC-PUFA, and Zinc on Their Postprandial Absorption Kinetics in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2024
Academic article

Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on innate immune responses in Atlantic salmon cells infected with infectious salmon anemia virus

Virology Journal, 2025
Academic article

Effects of dietary zinc on growth, bone-related genes expression and skeletal anomalies in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae

Aquaculture, 2025
Academic article

Interaction between dietary saturated fatty acids and cholesterol on mineral and fatty acid availability and postprandial lipids absorption kinetics in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Aquaculture, 2025
Academic article

Dietary starch, non-starch polysaccharides and their interactions affect nutrient digestibility, faecal waste production and characteristics differentially in three salmonids: Rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon and Arctic charr

Aquaculture, 2025
Academic article

Effects of the dietary supplementation of manganese on growth, skeletal development, oxidative stress and bone metabolism related genes in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae

Aquaculture, 2025
Academic article

Side-Stream Based Marine Solubles From Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Modulate Appetite and Dietary Nutrient Utilization in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) and can Replace Fish Meal

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2025
Academic article

Fish Protein Hydrolysate as Protein Enrichment in Texture-Modified Salmon Products

Foods, 2025
Academic article

New marine ingredients for future salmonid feeds

2024
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper

Sidestrømsprodukter fra hvitfiskindustrien kan delvis erstatte høykvalitets fiskemel i firkefôr

Norsk Fiskeoppdrett, 2024
Article in business/trade/industry journal

Genomic and functional characterization of the Atlantic salmon gut microbiome in relation to nutrition and health

Nature Microbiology, 2024
Academic article

Which Novel Ingredient Should be Considered the “Holy Grail” for Sustainable Production of Finfish Aquafeeds?

Reviews in Aquaculture, 2024
Academic literature review

Omega-3 Futures in Aquaculture: Exploring the Supply and Demands for Long-Chain Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acids by Aquaculture Species

Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 2024
Academic literature review

Nutritional value of Ethyl Ester oils in fish diets: A review on their potential impact on growth and health

2024
Nofima’s reports

Does the processing of black soldier fly larvae meal affect the amino acid solubility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)?

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 2024
Academic article

Effects of dietary fish to rapeseed oil ratio on steatosis symptoms in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) of different sizes

Scientific Reports, 2024
Academic article

Utvikling av tørrfôr for oppfôring av villfanget undermåls krabbe og krabbe med lav kjøttfylde

2024
Nofima’s reports

Zinc nutrition at first feeding imprints a programming effect on growth and hepatic lipid metabolism in juvenile rainbow trout

Aquaculture, 2024
Academic article

Antioxidant and osteoinductive properties of organic selenium in microdiets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae

Aquaculture, 2024
Academic article

Prediction of extruded aquafeed physical quality parameters through a dough viscosity model

Journal of food process engineering, 2024
Academic article

Effect of Calanus finmarchicus Hydrolysate Inclusion on Diet Attractiveness for Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Fishes, 2024
Academic article

Validation and genetic parameters of the X-ray method for phenotyping individual feed intake in Atlantic salmon

Aquaculture, 2024
Academic article

Testing av rekeskallmel i torskefôr – Faglig sluttrapport

2024
Nofima’s reports

Effect of prolonged feeding of broodstock diet with increased inclusion of essential n-3 fatty acids on maturing and spawning performance in 3-year-old Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2024
Academic article

Microalgae suspension as a source of n-3 long-chain PUFA in feed for Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L) – Technical constraints and nutritional quality

Aquaculture, 2024
Academic article

Spawning manipulation, broodfish diet feeding and egg production in farmed Atlantic salmon

Aquaculture, 2024
Academic article

Towards sustainable aquaculture: Assessing polychaete meal (Alitta virens) as an effective fishmeal alternative in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) diets

Aquaculture, 2024
Academic article

Polychaete (Alitta virens) meal inclusion as a dietary strategy for modulating gut microbiota of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Frontiers in Immunology, 2023
Academic article

Smoltification, seawater performance, and maturation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed different fat levels

Frontiers in Aquaculture, 2024
Academic article

Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Retention in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L., Fed Diets with Fermented Sugar Kelp, Saccharina latissima

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2023
Academic article

The water soluble fraction in fish meal (stickwater) stimulates growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) given high plant protein diets

Aquaculture, 2009
Academic article

A diet containing cod backbone proteins attenuated the development of mesangial sclerosis and tubular dysfunction in male obese BTBR ob/ob mice

European Journal of Nutrition, 2023
Academic article

Optimisation of trace mineral supplementation in diets for Atlantic salmon smolt with reference to holistic fish performance in terms of growth, health, welfare, and potential environmental impacts

Frontiers in Physiology, 2023
Academic article

Calanus finmarchicus hydrolysate improves growth performance in feeding trial with European sea bass juveniles and increases skeletal muscle growth in cell studies

Scientific Reports, 2023
Academic article

Welfare and performance of ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) reared at two different temperatures after a preparatory feeding trial with enhanced dietary eicosapentaenoic acid

Journal of Fish Biology, 2023
Academic article

Valideringsrapport: Bestemming av mengde løyseleg fosfor i fôr og fôringrediensar ved bruk av basisk ekstraksjon, mikrobølgeomnsoppslutting og ICP-OES

2023
Nofima’s reports

Effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) parr

Journal of Nutritional Science (JNS), 2023
Academic article

Investigation of the Functions of n-3 Very-Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Skin using in vivo Atlantic Salmon and in vitro Human and Fish Skin Models

British Journal of Nutrition, 2023
Academic article

Digital phenotyping of individual feed intake in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with the X-ray method and image analysis

Frontiers in Animal Science, 2023
Academic article

Fishmeal, plant protein, and fish oil substitution with single-cell ingredients in organic feeds for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Frontiers in Physiology, 2023
Academic article

Effects of functional ingredients on gut inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L)

Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 2023
Academic article

Dietary Level of the Omega-3 Fatty Acids EPA and DHA Influence the Flesh Pigmentation in Atlantic Salmon

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2023
Academic article

Tilsetningsstoffer i fôr til laks og regnbueørret – Sluttrapport FoU tillatelser SF HØ 25 og H B 46

2023
Nofima’s reports

Dietary Fish Meal Level and a Package of Choline, β -Glucan, and Nucleotides Modulate Gut Function, Microbiota, and Health in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar, L.)

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2023
Academic article

Soya saponins and prebiotics alter intestinal functions in Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)

British Journal of Nutrition, 2023
Academic article

Mechanical processing of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Tetraselmis chui biomass affects phenolic and antioxidant compound availability, nutrient digestibility and deposition of carotenoids in Atlantic salmon

Aquaculture, 2023
Academic article

Skin mucus metabolomics provides insights into the interplay between diet and wound in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 2023
Academic article

Effects of dietary lipid level on growth, digestive physiology and disease resistance in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus)

Aquaculture, 2023
Academic article

Valideringsrapport – tilleggsrapport: Bestemming av fosforinnhald i fôr, fôringrediensar, fisk og feces ved bruk av ICP-OES og mikrobølgeovnsoppslutting

2022
Nofima’s reports

Valideringsrapport: Bestemming av Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Y og Zn i fôr, fôringrediensar, fisk og feces ved bruk av ICP-OES og mikrobølgeomnsoppslutting

2022
Nofima’s reports

Døde bakterier i fisketarmen kan stamme fra fôret

Forskning.no, 2022
Article in business/trade/industry journal

Steroidogenic and innate immune responses in Atlantic salmon are influenced by dietary total lipid, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and dissolved oxygen

Aquaculture, 2022
Academic article

A Screening Study on Effects Varying Dietary Macronutrient Composition on Gut Functions in Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus)

Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022
Academic article

Utilization of feed resources in the production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Norway in 2020

Aquaculture Reports, 2022
Academic article

Utilization of feed resources in the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway: An update for 2020

Aquaculture Reports, 2022
Academic article

Comparative proximate analysis of wild and captive lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) eggs show deficiencies in captive eggs and possible egg quality determinants

Aquaculture, 2022
Academic article

Increasing dietary levels of the n-3 long-chain PUFA, EPA and DHA, improves the growth, welfare, robustness and fillet quality of Atlantic salmon in sea cages

British Journal of Nutrition, 2022
Academic article

Environment and feeding for optimal health and survival of cleaner fish in sea cages

2022
Nofima’s reports

Future feed resources in sustainable salmonid production: A review

Reviews in Aquaculture, 2022
Academic literature review

Godt fôr til rensefisk, en forutsetning for god helse, velferd og funksjon

Norsk Fiskeoppdrett, 2022
Article in business/trade/industry journal

Trenger laks fettsyren EPA for optimal immunrespons? Rapport FHF prosjekt EPA-laks

2021
Report

Optimization of the Balance between Protein, Lipid and Carbohydrate in Diets for Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus)

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2022
Academic article

Transcriptome and functional responses to absence of astaxanthin in Atlantic salmon fed low marine diets

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part D:Genomics and Proteomics, 2021
Academic article

Feed microbiome: confounding factor affecting fish gut microbiome studies

ISME Communications, 2022
Short communication

Hypoxia does not change responses to dietary omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, but rather reduces dietary energy demand by Atlantic salmon

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2021
Academic article

Diet supplementation with fish‐derived extracts suppresses diabetes and modulates intestinal microbiome in a murine model of diet‐induced obesity

Marine Drugs, 2021
Academic article

Utilization of feed resources in Norwegian farming of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in 2020. Professional report

2022
Nofima’s reports

The use of tunicate (Ciona intestinalis) as a sustainable protein source in fish feed – Effects on the extrusion process, physical pellet quality and microstructure

Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2022
Academic article

A full factorial design to investigate interactions of variable essential amino acids, trace minerals and vitamins on Atlantic salmon smoltification and post transfer performance

Aquaculture Reports, 2021
Academic article

Fish protein concentrate can partly replace water as plasticizer in the fish feed extrusion process

AquaFeed Magazine, 2021
Article in business/trade/industry journal

Physical feed quality and starch content causes a biological response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L)

Aquaculture Reports, 2021
Academic article

Comparison of EPA and DHA utilization in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed two diets with different content of fish oil and rapeseed oil

Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 2021
Academic article

The effect of alternate-day feeding on growth and feed conversion in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2021
Academic article

Validation of the method “NS-EN 12822:2014” for the determination of vitamin E by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (BIOLAB A121 Tokoferolprofil)

2021
Nofima’s reports

Processing Mixed Mesopelagic Biomass from the North-East Atlantic into Aquafeed Resources; Implication for Food Safety

Foods, 2021
Academic article

Optimising dietary fatty acids and lipids of Atlantic salmon to secure their health and welfare through varying environmental conditions and life stages [OptiHealth]

2021
Nofima’s reports

Requirement for omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by Atlantic salmon is relative to the dietary lipid level

Aquaculture, 2021
Academic article

Technical feed quality influences health, digestion patterns, body mineralization and bone development in farming of the stomachless cleaner fish ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)

Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2021
Academic article

Responses to Mineral Supplementation and Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Infestation in Skin Layers of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Genes, 2021
Academic article

Deposition and metabolism of dietary n-3 very-long-chain PUFA in different organs of rat, mouse and Atlantic salmon

British Journal of Nutrition, 2021
Academic article

Dietary Lipid:Protein Ratio and n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alters the Gut Microbiome of Atlantic Salmon Under Hypoxic and Normoxic Conditions

Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020
Academic article

Diet and Life Stage-Associated Lipidome Remodeling in Atlantic Salmon

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2021
Academic article

Towards quantitative engineering for aquafeed extrusion process operation

Aquafeed, 2020
Article in business/trade/industry journal

Chemically and green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles alter key immunological molecules in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) skin mucus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021
Academic article

Digestive tract morphology and enzyme activities of juvenile diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed fishmealbased diets with or without fish protein hydrolysates

PLOS ONE, 2021
Academic article

Sensitivity to Dietary Wheat Gluten in Atlantic Salmon Indicated by Gene Expression Changes in Liver and Intestine

Genes, 2020
Academic article

Physical feed properties affect gastrointestinal passage rate in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2020
Academic article

Increasing dietary n-6 FA while keeping n-3 FA stable decreases EPA in polar lipids of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

British Journal of Nutrition, 2020
Academic article

Characterizing changes of dissolved organic matter composition with the use of distinct feeds in recirculating aquaculture systems via high-resolution mass spectrometry

Science of the Total Environment, 2020
Academic article

Effect of feed, temperature and stress on pigmentation in salmon

2019
Nofima’s reports

Early introduction of an inert diet and unenriched Artemia enhances growth and quality of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Aquaculture Nutrition, 2018
Academic article

Effects of amino acid supplementations on metabolic and physiological parameters in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) under stress

Fish Physiology & Biochemistry, 2017
Academic article

Effects of dietary levels and ratio of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol on the growth, survival and deformity levels of Atlantic cod larvae and early juveniles

Aquaculture Research, 2011
Academic article

Associated Research Areas

Food from new sources

Farmed fish

Feed development and nutrition