Divergent responses of Atlantic cod to ocean acidification and food limitation
Publication details
Journal : Global Change Biology , vol. 25 , p. 839–849 , 2019
International Standard Numbers
:
Printed
:
1354-1013
Electronic
:
1365-2486
Publication type : Academic article
Issue : 3
Links
:
DOI
:
doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14554
ARKIV
:
hdl.handle.net/10037/14397
Research areas
Farmed fish
If you have questions about the publication, you may contact Nofima’s Chief Librarian.
Kjetil Aune
Chief Librarian
kjetil.aune@nofima.no
Summary
In order to understand the effect of global change on marine fishes, it is imperative to quantify the effects on fundamental parameters such as survival and growth. Larval survival and recruitment of the Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) was found to be heavily impaired by end‐of‐century levels of ocean acidification. Here, we analysed larval growth among 35‐36 days old surviving larvae, along with organ development and ossification of the skeleton. We combined CO<sub>2</sub>‐treatments (ambient: 503 μatm, elevated: 1179 μatm) with food availability in order to evaluate the effect of energy limitation in addition to the ocean acidification stressor. As expected, larval size (as a proxy for growth) and skeletogenesis were positively affected by high food availability. We found significant interactions between acidification and food availability. Larvae fed ad libitum showed little difference in growth and skeletogenesis due to the CO<sub>2</sub> treatment. Larvae under energy limitation were significantly larger and had further developed skeletal structures in the elevated CO<sub>2</sub> treatment compared to the ambient CO<sub>2</sub> treatment. However, the elevated CO<sub>2</sub> group revealed impairments in critically important organs, such as the liver, and had comparatively smaller functional gills indicating a mismatch between size and function. It is therefore likely that individual larvae that had survived acidification treatments, will suffer from impairments later during ontogeny. Our study highlights important allocation trade‐off between growth and organ development, which is critically important to interpret acidification effects on early life‐stages of fish.